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The Center for Strategic Analysis (CAS) will publish tomorrow Tuesday an interesting note on employment and unemployment among youth. "After much reduced between 1995 and 2008, youth unemployment has not been more sensitive to the crisis in France than in the average OECD country," says the CAS.

The number of under 25 unemployed has increased by 4.3 points in France in 2008-2009 to 23.2%, against an increase of nearly 6 points in the OECD countries.Nevertheless, France still exceeds the three-point average of industrialized countries and is located "halfway between countries that have rates two to three times lower, as the Netherlands (7.8%) and Germany (8.3%) and those where they are approaching double the average, like Spain (43.1%) or the Baltics. "

If the best trained are best protected, the higher qualification of youth did not prevent their conditions of entry into active life to deteriorate. One third of 15-24 year olds have jobs of limited duration, against 11% of all employees. "There is no single answer to youth unemployment, otherwise we would have found it," insists Vincent Chriqui, head of the CAS.

No "youth minimum wage"

Former Plan Commissioner made four proposals in line with government policy.He suggests "developing a wide range of alternative tools to schooling 'for 200,000 young" dropouts "listed by year: alternate pathway" second chance ", strengthened support … To further reduce the number of young people without qualifications, CAS argues that "the development of learning is more beneficial than in the past for training of secondary education." It should even be "a shared priority" prefects, regional councils, presidents or partners.

To reduce labor costs in the commercial sector – as France has not introduced, unlike other countries, a "youth minimum wage" – the CAS proposes to expand the number of assisted contracts in the private and make "a management tool and counter-cyclical support to young people most in need."The advisory body to the Prime Minister finally suggests to "enhance the experience of young people in the nonprofit sector by transforming a share of subsidized jobs in the public sector apprenticeships.

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For several months, the G20 and the IMF, but also Europe, Brazil, China, and rating agencies are urging the U.S. to clean up their deficit and debt dementia. Today, the U.S. federal government has the knife to her throat on Monday, the U.S. debt ceiling should touch her – already noted in January – set at 14.294 billion dollars, from which the U.S. can not borrow more.

In other words, the United States are on the verge of bankruptcy. Given the urgency of the situation, the Treasury secretary, Tim Geithner, has given a stay of 30 days to allow Congress to reach agreement with the White House. They have until August 2nd to negotiate a compromise, Republicans in Congress will not agree to vote on raising the debt ceiling until the government has not implemented an austerity budget.The United States shackle in effect three years of deficit exceeding 10% and no concrete and credible program of spending cuts are envisaged. Olivier Blanchard, chief economist of the IMF, the savings plan of 39 billion delivered on April 8 is "insufficient".

Barack Obama has set a goal of reducing the U.S. budget deficit of 4000 billion dollars over the next twelve years. It sets the fiscal deficit to 2.5% of GDP in 2015, and wants it to be achieved by three-quarters of declines in spending.Objectives, but no clear way to reach them: during a visit to Facebook, the president spoke reform fiscalité payday lenders.Sans give too many details, he has to attack the tax breaks for the wealthiest Americans, plans to limit military spending and aid to agriculture, and cutting in the health program, yet very popular Medicare.

"The financial equivalent of a nuclear bomb"

What would happen if the U.S. could no longer meet their debt, as was the case for Greece, Ireland, or Portugal? It would be "the financial equivalent of a nuclear bomb ', warns Aaron Kohli, a specialist in Treasury bills at Nomura Securities. The global cataclysm is such that people do not."They must find a solution, they can not leave the financial world explode," he reassured one analyst, who notes that the financial markets show no signs of concern about the ability of U.S. authorities to agree.

David Wyss, chief economist at ratings agency Standard and Poor's, which recently threatened the U.S. triple-A, not only the Treasury "may continue to operate until August (through accounting manipulations, Ed), leaving the time in Congress to agree, but again, in case of emergency, the government "will pass the debt service as a priority."

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General Motors (GM) up big on green energy. In any case, what transpires from the study of law firm Rothenberg Farley & Mesiti Helsin, specializing in intellectual property. The latter, which compiles an annual index on the theme of clean energy, today announced that the manufacturer has registered more patents related to green energy than any other U.S. company in 2010.

In total, the manufacturer has filed 135 patents on this topic, or 14% of total 1881 patents related to green energy deposited by 700 companies or organizations. "Clearly, GM has made great efforts with a range of clean energy technologies, which puts top ranking for the first time," says Victor Cardona, an official of the firm. According to him, these patents relate to hybrid vehicles, batteries, solar energy and several improvements to existing technologies.

Reinventing the DNA of the automobile "

For the direction of the automotive group, this performance is the logic. "GM has gone to reinvent the DNA of the automobile, and this led to many innovations and technological advances," explains Alan Taub, vice president of research and development group.

GM, which has just released the Volt hybrid electric car, has bet on new technologies to raise, two years after filing for bankruptcy. Overall, the manufacturer has stepped up its efforts in R & D since a total, he filed 940 patents in 2010, placing it among the 25 U.S. companies that filed the most patents last year.

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NYSE Euronext raises the lusts but retains its preference for a union with the Frankfurt Deutsche Börse. The board of directors of the transatlantic exchange operator yesterday rejected unanimously the offer of participation of $ 11.3 billion made by Nasdaq, coupled with Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). The place specializes in new technologies and that on raw materials are intended to counter the approximation of the US-European space with Deutsche Börse.

But the directors of NYSE Euronext have found the offer of Nasdaq and ICE "strategically unattractive, with an unacceptable operational risk." Besides the issue of debt, the directors were concerned about the competition issues that would raise a takeover by Nasdaq OMX and ICE, with the risk of a monopoly of trading in shares in the United States.NYSE Euronext's boss Duncan Niederauer also said: "We can hardly call that an offer because it is a proposal formulated in vague terms and that is, from our point of view, an empty shell."

Conversely, the officer believes that a strategy has been defined and that "the combination with Deutsche Börse is consistent with this strategy." NYSE Euronext believes that a merger with Deutsche Börse to the new entity will position itself to become the leading operator of global market and create substantially more long-term value for its shareholders.

Nasdaq OMX was formalized on April 1 its alliance with ICE to add to NYSE Euronext. And despite this rejection, Nasdaq plans to maintain its proposal.

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The U.S. stock market should open sharply lower on Tuesday amid a worsening nuclear crisis in Japan that affects all of world stock markets on Tuesday del'Asie to Europe. Futures on Standard & Poor's 500 and Nasdaq 100 retreat respectively of 2.28% to 1261.10 points from 2.27% to 2337.50 points. On Monday, the New York Stock Exchange ended down slightly as the market tried to assess the consequences of the violent earthquake that hit Japan, especially in the energy and nuclear power: the Dow Jones lost 0.43% to 11 993.16 points, the Nasdaq 0.54% at 2 700.97 points and the Standard & Poor's 500 fell 0.60% to 1 296.39 points.

The nuclear crisis has deeply aggravated in Japan.Explosions have occurred in particular in reactors 1 and 3 at the Fukushima, raising fears of an accident majeur.Un panic immediately swept the Tokyo Stock Exchange, sparing no sector. The Nikkei index plummeted by 10.55%. The Topix, which is composed of companies more oriented towards the domestic market that the Nikkei, consisting mainly of multinational companies, for its part, plunged 9.47%.

On the foreign exchange market, the euro appears to lower: about 11:00 am in Paris, the euro bought 1.3859 dollars against 1.3985 late Monday.

In this context, macroeconomic statistics should be further sidelined. Unemployment figures for the fourth quarter are expected and the United States and the import prices for February and the activity in the New York area in March.However, investors remain particularly attentive to the meeting after the close of Wall Street, the U.S. central bank (Fed). The latter should indeed take stock of its monetary policy in a climate of significant improvement in the U.S. economy tempered by concerns about international news. Long anticipated, the FOMC meeting held four days after the devastating earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan on Friday. The Fed's decision, however, should not be so affected by this tragedy whose negative effects on the U.S. economy may be only "weak", according to Ian Shepherdson, economist at the Institute HFE.The attention of the leaders of the Fed should be upheld by the situation in the Arab world, particularly in Libya.

The side of values, the high technology sector should undergo the full brunt of the devastating effects of the disaster in Japan. These groups may indeed soon be deprived of electronic components from Japan following the closure of many factories in the islands.

The energy sector related to nuclear power should also be further battered as the crisis in Japan could jeopardize the global development programs of this energy faxless cash advance. General Electric, which supplied the reactors at the Chernobyl nuclear Japan Fukushima 1, the victim of several explosions, would still suffer the wrath of the market.Titles such as Constellation Energy, Duke Energy or Pacific Gas & Electric could also be affected.

Other sectors are also found in the front line, like luxury with titles like Tiffany.

Yesterday evening, Manulife Financial has confirmed that the amount of refunds related to the earthquake of 11 March in Japan should not exceed 150 million Canadian dollars after taxes and should not impact the company's annual results significantly.

Always on the side of values, the U.S. electronic stock market Nasdaq is preparing to launch a hostile bid to buy back its rival NYSE Euronext, promised to Deutsche Börse, said Monday the Wall Street Journal and CNBC financial channel.An offer from Nasdaq certainly provoke the intervention of competition authorities, while an alliance with NYSE Euronext would create a very dominant issue in the U.S. market, noted Wall Street Journal.

After the close on Wall Street last night, E * Trade Financial has announced the appointment of Peter Knitzer, former president of Citibank North America, as Vice-President and President of E * TRADE Bank following the departure Retirement of Robert V. Burton.

Also note, Apple announced it had sold nearly one million digital tablets iPad 2 during the first weekend of marketing in the United States, a symbolic milestone that the first version of the iPad was put in 28 days to reach , analysts said.

The computer group Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced an increase of 50% to $ 0.12 in its quarterly dividend from MayIn addition, the company will develop a full range of services computing cloud (cloud), which will complement its offering of hardware, from servers to PCs. Starting this year, said CEO Leo Apotheker at a day presentation of its strategy, five months after taking office, HP intends to open an "app store" available online.

KBR won a contract for the supply of licenses, basic engineering and training for an aniline plant with a capacity of 360,000 tons per year, located in the Chinese province of Inner Mongolia, belonging to Inner Mongolia Chemical Industry Connell.

Texas Instruments (TI) said its manufacturing site to Miho about sixty kilometers north of Tokyo, had suffered substantial damage after the earthquake that hit Japan.Restarting production is scheduled from May.

So that opens Monday at the Mobile World Congress, high mass annual telecom, Barcelona, major European operators go on the offensive. "The alarm clock rang operators. We now have a clear vision of the challenges faced by our model. We are determined to go on the offensive, "says Stéphane Richard, CEO of France Telecom, Le Figaro.

The "G5", this informal club which meets the five major European operators (Orange, Vodafone, Telefonica, Telecom Italia and Deutsche Telekom), met this morning in Barcelona. First concern is the increasing traffic by 18 on the fixed and mobile networks within four years the network congestion threatens. To avoid saturation, operators have to invest heavily … and fully intend to share the bill with those who are the primary beneficiaries: YouTube, Google and others."For years, compensate operators naturally flows exchanged between them is the system of peering. What they sent about what they were getting compensated. But this system has experienced since the flows are completely unbalanced for two years due to the explosion of video. Some players who are behind the explosion of traffic must be willing to help finance the investments needed to route this traffic, "insists Stephen Richard.

Another concern is the lack of competition in the shops of applications. "Competition in telecom has always been seen by Brussels in terms of infrastructure and networks. Today, there is another reality: the arrival of new players like Google and Apple, "says Stéphane Richard.And example is the Read & Go application, developed by Orange and various publishers, behind Apple to allow on its online store. "This practice is acceptable?" Interrogates Stéphane Richard. It will meet in Brussels.

Netting on 4G

The five major operators should also announce a better coordination on mobile contactless or NFC, with a launch expected this year. "Contactless will bring out new services and our customers. They can use their mobile as a payment card, such as ticketing, such as badges for access to buildings or as a transportation tag. Orange aims NFC 500,000 customers by the end of the year in France and the integration causes many of these new services without contact from the SIM card. The market is ripe now, "says Stéphane Richard.Orange is also announcing today an agreement with Samsung for the upcoming European launch of a new NFC-enabled mobile.

The CEO of France Telecom is very proactive on the fourth generation of mobile, "it is inevitable that changes to the 4G. Orange is ready to participate in the tender in France. What bothers me is neither the timing nor the principle of a high reserve price (the government wants to recover 2 billion of licenses to be issued in France in the summer, Ed), but problem is to increase the stress on operators when they are asked to invest heavily. Operators will face a fourth operator in a mature market, "he says.

And the beautiful game operator to point the proliferation of taxes, the latest being the recovery of VAT."In crude, we had a lot of termination, but this represents a net lost few customers. Because the vast majority of customers who cancel a subscription at Orange resume here. In any case, those who still thought that there was insufficient competition in the market were able to verify the bitterness of the fight, "says Stéphane Richard.

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All Tunisian airports are reopened to air traffic, said Saturday the Tunisian Civil Aviation in a statement. The closure of the airspace was announced Friday by an airport source when former President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was preparing to flee the country.

"The Tunisian airspace and national airports are open to air traffic," said the agency in a statement released by the official news agency TAP.

Defer non-urgent travel

The office has however urged travelers to check with airlines to avoid clutter which would be linked to the cancellation or delay of flights. On Friday, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs recommended "strongly" to "defer all travel which would not urgent" flights to Tunisia.In the process, tour operators have suspended all departures of customers bound for this country. The Crisis in place working to provide increased security for tourists staying in hotels and organize customer feedback. About 8,000 French currently staying in Tunisia, as the Secretary of State for Tourism.

The CETO (Association of Tour Operators) also advised to suspend departures to Tunisia until Monday included because of "recent developments of the situation" in the country. The president of the organization Rene-Marc Chikli, said Saturday that the return of French tourists on holiday in Tunisia will be possible once this weekend, but it will take several days because of constraints related to lack of aircraft and curfew imposed in the country. This applies to 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 am."Flights that were in the lineup for the weekend returns are kept on Monastir and Djerba, but it's more complicated to Tunis," he said.

Free Reports

The skipper of Ceto, nevertheless reaffirmed that customers were "safe in the hotels." There is no panic in hotels, "said Jean-Marc Roze, General Secretary of National Union of Travel Agencies (SNAV), where a crisis has been activated. Since the beginning of events Tunisia, vacationers "are well and no incidents were reported," he said Saturday. At Thomas Cook France, "25 people are involved in the company's headquarters to find aircraft, crew, contact our travel agency, be responsive relationship with all our Tunisia, our staff at airports and the company Insurance …».Among major operators, accounted Marmara 790 customers in Tunisia, and Thomas Cook France 700 New Frontiers 200. Fram in 1600 totaled between short and long stays.

For customers whose flights have been suspended, proposed deferral of travel, without charge, at a later date on Tunisia or wherever have been rapidly advanced by tour operators. The events in Tunisia under the case of "force majeure", professionals find themselves "freed from their traditional obligations to people traveling or refund if there is a change," told AFP Me Emmanuelle Llop, lawyer. "They do not offer refunds spontaneously because they do not always this possibility, including travel agents who have more funds," she says.Some operators, however, offer refunds or assets.

Special flights

German tourists were repatriated on Saturday, said tour operators across the Rhine. The TUI provides for departures from Monastir and Djerba. Buses are currently en route to the hotels where the guests stay for transfer to the airport. In addition to flights normally scheduled for this Saturday, special flights operated by airlines German TUIfly and Nouvelair Tunisia, should be established. They repatriate tourists to Hannover, Frankfurt, Munich, Nuremberg and Stuttgart, said the spokesman. TUI decided to cancel all his trips to Tunisia until 24 January inclusive.

The tour operator Thomas Cook expects to repatriate this Saturday's 1800 holiday still in Tunisia.They spent a quiet night in their hotel in Monastir and Djerba, said a spokesman, Mathias Brandes. Some 230 holidaymakers had been evacuated Friday night in Dusseldorf, Berlin and Vienna, as the 100% subsidiary of the British group of the same name. Thomas Cook has canceled all its trips to Tunisia until Monday. The Tunis-Frankfurt Lufthansa flight scheduled this Saturday has been canceled.

(With agencies)

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The largest French companies are not necessarily those that relate most to the state coffers. According to a survey published this weekend in the Journal du Dimanche, a CAC 40 company in four would not pay tax (CIT) last year. Danone, Suez Environment, Total, Saint Gobain, Schneider or completely escape such levy. Half of the CAC 40 companies chose not to respond to questions from the newspaper, but "if they say nothing is that they do not pay much," says in his columns a tax lawyer. As already noted a report by the mandatory withdrawals last October, the CAC 40 companies are taxed at an average height of 8% of their profits, against 33% normally. SMEs, less able to exploit various tax loopholes, by transferring an average of 22%.

Because it is under the tax code that the contribution of big business reached a level so low. Despite the high rate of corporation tax in France, many tax provisions, such as unlimited carryover of losses, the research tax credit or the deductibility of loan interest, they can indeed reduce their payments. According to the Council of compulsory levies, the cost to the state of the various loopholes in the tax and social benefit to companies reached 172 billion euros in 2010 on line pay day loans. Danone, for example, taxes deducted from the borrowing for the acquisition of Numico in 2007, says the JDD. And if other businesses, such Total or PSA, revertants do anything this year for being in the red, they may also limit their payments in subsequent years, with unlimited carry-over losses deplored during the crisis.

Finally, as a result of these multiple devices, the product of the corporate tax is reduced gradually. Hence the idea, supported by the Elysée, an overhaul of the device for more convergence with other European states, particularly Germany. Pressure without success on Ireland to raise its IS – the lowest in Europe at 12.5% – said the crucial for France and Germany at the tax variable. If the establishment of a single rate for all European countries seems unlikely, France and Germany would lead, at least, to fix a similar attitude. The European Commission should make proposals in March.

Stock markets close an American with no direction on Friday. The Dow Jones was down 0.06% to 11,491.90 points, while the Nasdaq gained 0.21% to 2642.97 points and the S & P 500 is 0.08% to 1243.91 points. Wall Street took a breather after closing Thursday at its highest level in two years through a series of statistics smiling bode well in this season.

After mixed accounts for FedEx, the encouraging figures of employment, but more importantly, an index of manufacturing activity from the Philadelphia Fed up sharply, the Dow Jones closed up 0.36% at 11,499 points . Investors, however moderate their passions, while concerns over the European countries of their debts patients remained alive. Leaders of euro zone met indeed.After Greece and Ireland, whose rating has been downgraded from 5 notches by Moody's on Thursday, Spain and Portugal remain threatened. Moody's also warned it might lower the rating again in Greece.

Reduced macroeconomic agenda

On the front of the macroeconomic news, the composite index of U.S. economic indicators released Friday by the Conference Board rose, as expected, by 1.1% in November, slightly less than expected by analysts.

Blackstone, Oracle, RIM and Toreador to a

On the corporate side, the U.S. investment fund Blackstone Group (+0.37% to 13.46 dollars) has reached an agreement to restructure around seven billion dollars of debt related to the purchase in 2007 of real estate group Equity Office Properties Trust , said Friday the Wall Street Journal.This agreement provides for a rescheduling of the debt until 2014, instead of 2012 previously, the newspaper said, citing sources close to the negotiations.

The software publisher professionnelsOracle (3 cash advances pay day loan.94% to 31.46 dollars) unveiled the results above expectations. In the second quarter, which ended in late November, the group net profit up 28% to $ 1.87 billion, or 37 cents per share. Excluding items, earnings per share were 51 cents, or 5 cents better than consensus Thomson Reuters. Turnover rose 47% to $ 8.6 billion through consolidation of Sun Microsystems. Wall Street was 8.34 billion dollars.

The Canadian Research In Motion (1.62% to 60.20 U.S. dollars) Thursday reported a quarterly profit above expectations thanks to Torch model Blackberry, competitor to Apple's iPhone.RIM reported net earnings up 45% for its third quarter to 911.1 million dollars. The turnover amounted to 5.49 billion. RIM said to have delivered 14.2 million BlackBerry for the quarter and have garnered 5.1 million net new subscribers. In after-hours trading in the U.S., the value gained 3.4% to 61.25 dollars after finishing up 0.1% to 59.24 dollars on the Nasdaq.

The Japanese group Fujitsu computer equipment (-0.62% to 33.74 dollars) has also announced it would develop with Boeing (0.98% to 65.03 dollars) a system of electronic tagging of aircraft to reduce the maintenance costs of fleets.The two companies plan to start their process in the first quarter of 2012, for aircraft manufactured by Boeing but also by other aircraft manufacturers, said Friday the Japanese firm in a statement.

A note on Friday, finally arriving in Paris deToreador Resources, (-1.90% at 15.01 dollars), a group of American exploration and production of oil and gas traded on the Nasdaq. There was a marked increase in its first day of listing on the Paris Bourse. Late afternoon, the title and earned 1.45% to 11.86 euros.

Ireland

• Weaknesses: The banks are the main problem of the Celtic Tiger. Almost all of the deficit abyss of 2010, representing 32% of GDP, is due to the aid plan for banks.

The financial sector had grown beyond the reasonable riding the housing bubble of the 2000s. The crisis has killed the market for construction and real estate. Households find themselves in great difficulties: their debts are often secured on their house, atteingnent 150% of their gross disposable income. "The default rate could rise in coming months, which could weaken banks and indirectly increase the deficit of the state, which would come to their rescue," worries Adele Renaux, economist at Natixis.

• Strengths: Ireland is a highly competitive country, unlike Spain and Portugal.The corporation tax to 12.5%, remains well below that of its European counterparts, between 20% and 30%. The workforce is highly trained.

Contrary also to countries of the Iberian Peninsula, Ireland specializes in industries carriers. Through pharmacy, chemistry or even the food, the island has a trade surplus. Exports should also be the principal-if not the only engine of growth in the medium term. In 2011, BNP Paribas expects an increase in activity of 1.5%.

Portugal

• Weaknesses: Its economy is specialized in industries with low added value, such as textiles. It is in direct competition with low cost countries such as the Asian tigers, Tunisia or Turkey. In addition, its main customer is none other than Spain, a country in deep trouble.

The economic outlook is bleak. The recent increase in VAT and a labor market should destroy any heavily damaged recovery in consumption. GDP expected to fall 0.2% in 2011, according to BNP Paribas.

• Strengths: "Portugal has launched the 2000 reforms to improve its competitiveness," says Jesus Castillo, an economist at Natixis. "But the compression of wages has cut consumer spending."

Spain

• Weaknesses: As in Ireland, the consequences of the explosion of the housing bubble were terrible. The regional banks are in big trouble. The real estate market and construction industry are affected. For a long time.

• Strengths: The patient self-inflicted shock therapy and public debt should remain well below levels seen in other peripheral countries.On the other hand, "clean the economy continues as the show (…) the sharp increase in household savings and the shift in activity towards the industry," noted economists at BNP Paribas.

Still, activity has been driven, in recent years by the housing boom. Spain now has to find another engine. In the coming years, "the challenge for Spain is to find a new economic model by investing in training in particular, Analysis Jesus Castillo, an economist at Natixis. A metamorphosis that would take time. Meanwhile, the country counts on tourism.

Greece

• Weaknesses: Historically, the Greek public finances have been badly managed, with a side boondoggle spending and tax revenues that did not fit. Blame it on a very strong culture of tax evasion.Result, public debt will peak at 150% of GDP in 2013. A record in the euro area.

The economy remains in recession. The GDP fell 1.1% in the third quarter. Tight budget, business investment and sluggish demand at half-mast should lead to a 3.1% decrease in activity in 2011, according to BNP Paribas.

• Highlights: Greece is the first World owner. This asset should tell him when world trade recovers. Tourism remains a strong point.

His hourly productivity is higher than those of Spain and Portugal. Moreover, it is still catching up with the economic level of the rest of Europe, which ensures a reserve growth over time. Finally, it enjoys substantial EU subsidies (8.5 billion euros in 2008).

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